The Effect of Protein-Energy Malnutrition on Cognitive Development Among School Children in Plateau State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the leading causes of developmental delays among children in low-income regions. It affects physical growth, immune function, and cognitive abilities, leading to poor academic performance and long-term socio-economic consequences (Adekunle & Bello, 2024). Plateau State, like many regions in Nigeria, experiences high rates of PEM due to food insecurity, poverty, and poor dietary diversity.
Studies have shown that malnourished children have reduced attention spans, memory deficits, and lower IQ scores than well-nourished peers. Early childhood is a critical period for brain development, and nutrient deficiencies during this stage can have lasting impacts on cognitive function. Understanding the link between PEM and cognitive development in school children in Plateau State is crucial for shaping nutrition policies and interventions.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the recognized importance of nutrition in early childhood development, many children in Plateau State suffer from PEM, which affects their cognitive function and academic performance. While efforts have been made to improve child nutrition, the extent to which PEM impairs cognitive development remains underexplored. This study seeks to examine the relationship between PEM and cognitive abilities among school children in Plateau State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition among school children in Plateau State.
2. To examine the impact of PEM on cognitive development and academic performance.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of school feeding programs in mitigating PEM-related cognitive impairments.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition among school children in Plateau State?
2. How does PEM affect cognitive development and academic performance?
3. How effective are school feeding programs in addressing PEM-related cognitive challenges?
Research Hypotheses
1. PEM is significantly prevalent among school children in Plateau State.
2. PEM negatively affects cognitive development and academic performance.
3. School feeding programs help mitigate PEM-related cognitive impairments.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on primary school children in Plateau State. Limitations may include difficulty in assessing long-term cognitive effects and reliance on self-reported dietary intake.
Definitions of Terms
• Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM): A form of malnutrition caused by inadequate intake of protein and calories.
• Cognitive Development: The process of acquiring intellectual abilities such as memory, attention, and problem-solving.
• School Feeding Program: A government or NGO-supported initiative providing meals to school children to enhance nutrition and learning.
